"Anent the issue of conspiracy, the Court of Appeals stated that for collective responsibility to be established, it is not necessary that conspiracy be proven by direct evidence or prior agreement to commit the crime nor is it essential that there be proof of previous agreement to commit a crime. Conspiracy may logically be inferred from acts and circumstances showing the existence of a common design to commit the offense charged. It is sufficient that the malefactors acted in concert pursuant to the same objective. Due to conspiracy, the act of one is the act of all.[39] Furthermore, conspiracy exists when, at the time of the commission of the offense, the malefactors had the same purpose and were united in their action.[40] "
PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE,
VS.
EDUARDO GOLIDAN Y COTO-ONG, FRANCIS NACIONALES Y FERNANDEZ, AND TEDDY OGSILA Y TAHIL, ACCUSED, EDUARDO GOLIDAN Y COTO-ONG AND FRANCIS NACIONALES Y FERNANDEZ, ACCUSED-APPELLANTS.
G.R. No. 205307, January 11, 2018.
https://elibrary.judiciary.gov.ph/thebookshelf/showdocs/1/63799
