"x x x.
We affirm in this case the doctrine that courts may rule or decide on matters that, although not submitted as issues, were proven during trial. The admission of evidence, presented to support an allegation not submitted as an issue, should be objected to at the time of its presentation by the party to be affected thereby; otherwise, the court may admit the evidence, and the fact that such evidence seeks to prove a matter not included or presented as an issue in the pleadings submitted becomes irrelevant, because of the failure of the appropriate party to object to the presentation.
No objection was raised when LCDC presented evidence to prove the outstanding balances for Project 3, its driver’s quarters, and the concreting works in the Tektite Building.
In Phil. Export and Foreign Loan Guarantee Corp. v. Phil. Infrastructures, et al.,[72] this Court held:
It is settled that even if the complaint be defective, but the parties go to trial thereon, and the plaintiff, without objection, introduces sufficient evidence to constitute the particular cause of action which it intended to allege in the original complaint, and the defendant voluntarily produces witnesses to meet the cause of action thus established, an issue is joined as fully and as effectively as if it had been previously joined by the most perfect pleadings. Likewise, when issues not raised by the pleadings are tried by express or implied consent of the parties, they shall be treated in all respects as if they had been raised in the pleadings.
Considering the absence of timely and appropriate objections, the trial court did not err in admitting evidence of the unpaid balances for Project 3, its driver’s quarters, and the concreting works in the Tektite Building. Furthermore, both the lower and the appellate courts found that the supporting evidence presented by LCDC were sufficient to prove that the claimed amounts were due, but that they remained unpaid.x x x."
